So far, we know that the intestinal symbiotic microbiota play a key role in the development of the immune system. More precisely the expanding colonization of the microbiota during the neonatal period, which is a crucial period where its implementation will influence the physiology of the host and will have longlasting effect in the adulthood.
Numerous in the litterature and preliminary data from the lab suggest that in addition to having an influence at the intestinal mucosal immune system, the gut microbiota have an impact at the systemic level, to distant organs.
One of the most famous interplay between the gut microbiota and distant organ is the gut-brain axis. Microbiota can interact with the brain via metabolic routes, immune signals or directly via the peripheral nervous system. In this context, we want to assess if the perturbation linked to the administration of antibiotics during weaning can be sensed in the brain and have an impact on some important developmental state of the brain such as myelination, synaptic pruning or synaptogenesis.
